The Mines and Minerals Act is Zimbabwe’s primary legislation governing mining rights, tenure, exploration, and extraction. It defines how mining titles are acquired, maintained, renewed, and enforced.
Mining Claims grant the holder the right to mine specified minerals within a pegged area. Claims must be properly pegged, registered with the Provincial Mining Office, and renewed annually.
EPOs grant exclusive rights to prospect for minerals over large areas. They are issued by the Minister of Mines and require detailed geological work plans and periodic reporting.
Special Grants authorize mining or exploration in reserved or strategic areas. They are issued at ministerial level and often apply to large-scale or high-value deposits.
Mining title holders must secure lawful access to land, including agreements with landowners, communities, or local authorities. Surface rights do not override environmental or community obligations.